Ecosystem-based Approaches to Climate Change Adaptation, or Ecosystem based adaptation involves a wide range of management activities to increase the resilience and reduce the vulnerability of people and the environment to climate change. Ecosystem based adaptation is a nature based solution for addressing the impacts of climate change on people and their environment. It involves the conservation, sustainable management, and restoration of ecosystems to help people adapt to the impacts of climate change; acknowledging that human resilience depends critically on the integrity of ecosystems. Although primarily a climate change adaptation approach, Ecosystem based adaptation can also contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing emissions from ecosystem loss and degradation.